Abstract: Surface wear failure of the cylinder liner - piston ring friction pair accounts for more than 30% of internal combustion engine failures. Under extreme conditions of high temperature and pressure, it is difficult to form lubricating film between cylinder liner and piston ring, resulting in surface wear. Based on the surface wear morphology of cylinder liner under actual working conditions, the wear form and its mechanism are analyzed in this paper. Secondly, the mechanism of surface texture modification technology to reduce the wear on the inner surface of cylinder liner and the influence of texture morphology, distribution, size, area occupancy and other influencing factors on wear performance are expounded. It is found that it is an effective way to improve wear resistance while reducing manufacturing cost and maintenance cost to design the texture of various patterns in different zones and select appropriate depth-diameter ratio and area occupancy. The above research provides reference for the design and manufacture of cylinder liner and piston ring of high performance internal combustion engine.