Abstract: In order to meet the development needs of survey automation and intelligence, a push-type drilling robot for survey is developed. The theoretical analysis and finite element simulation technology are used to study the force of the spiral drilling shaft blade, the critical speed of the spiral drilling shaft blade and the mechanical characteristics of the spiral drilling shaft. The results show that with the gradual increase of the rising angle of the soil particle trajectory, the required rotational speed during drilling is higher, and the optimal value of the spiral angle on the outer edge of the spiral blade will also increase significantly. When the spiral angle of the outer edge is determined, with the increase of the rising angle of the soil particle movement, the speed required for drilling will also increase rapidly. The mechanical properties of the spiral drilling shaft can meet the working requirements of the survey drilling robot. The research results provide a reference for its design, manufacture and optimization.