Abstract: At present, the main choice for providing compressed air for the down-hole drilling rig is to use a diesel engine driven screw compressor; the screw compressor will generate a large amount of heat during operation, and heat exchange must be carried out through a heat transfer to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the compressor. In this article, a new design method for the cooling system of the diesel engine driven water-cooled screw compressor is proposed according to the internal cabin layout of the drilling and explosion ship and the characteristics of the screw compressor itself. Based on the principles of convective heat transfer and heat balance, the design and calculation ideas of oil cooling, air cooler, water tank radiator in the screw compressor cooling system are analyzed, as well as the scheme selection and the structural layout design of the cooling water pump. The compressor operates well in the cabin; and it provides good guidance for the cooling system design of marine diesel water-cooled screw compressors in the industry.