Abstract: To promote the reliability of the anti-crawling buffer device, the reliability optimization of the anti-climbing buffer device is conducted in this paper. Firstly, experimental design is completed to establish the approximate models of energy absorption and initial peak force, and the optimal solution of pareto frontier is successfully obtained after the deterministic optimization. Then, the reliability constraints are introduced on the basis of deterministic optimization to implement the reliability optimization; and eventually the optimal solution meeting the reliability requirements is obtained. The results show that, compared with the deterministic optimization, the reliability optimization not only optimizes the crashworthiness of the anti-climbing buffer device, but also ensures the reliability of the structure. It can offer valuable references to the reliability optimization of anti-climbing buffer device in engineering practice.