Abstract: Considering the layout of the broken belt catching device along the line, a hydraulic buffering system for the broken belt catching device of a belt conveyor is proposed, which integrates the overflow valve and hydraulic lock into a buffering hydraulic cylinder. The existing broken belt catching and buffering system of the belt conveyor is optimized and improved, and a belt elastic damping model is reasonably selected and established. A system simulation model is accurately built based on AMESIM. The influence of the overflow valve opening pressure on the system braking time, the conveyor belt braking displacement, speed, acceleration and the braking force of the buffer hydraulic cylinder are analyzed. For the buffering hydraulic cylinders with larger cylinder diameter and rod diameter, the braking performance is optimized by reducing the set pressure of the relief valve. The research results show that as the set pressure of the relief valve increases, the braking displacement of the conveyor belt decreases, and the braking time gradually shortens. When the cylinder diameter of the buffering hydraulic cylinder is 100 mm and the rod diameter is 70 mm, the minimum set value of the relief valve is about 15 MPa.