Abstract: In order to ensure the working performance of high-power vehicle detection equipment in high-temperature environments, thermal simulation software is used to study the impact of heat dissipation structures such as vapor chamber, case fins, and interface thermal conductive materials on the heat dissipation performance of the vehicle detection equipment. Based on the simulation results, the heat dissipation structure of the equipment is optimized. After making a prototype, the prototype test is performed in the high temperature box, and the test results are compared with the simulation results. The results show that the vapor chamber can reduce diffusion thermal resistance due to its ultra-high thermal conductivity, which is beneficial for reducing chip temperature; increasing the height of the case fins has a very significant cooling effect; measures such as adjusting the spacing and thickness of fins, increasing the thickness of the base, and selecting silicone gaskets with appropriate thickness and high thermal conductivity can all improve the heat dissipation capacity of the equipment to a certain extent. These heat dissipation methods effectively ensure the stable operation of the equipment, and provide guidance for design of the similar products.