Abstract: In this article, taking the planting varieties of white garlic and red garlic in Tianshui area as the research objects, the compression experiments and tensile experiments are carried out based on the principle of artificial bolting. The experiments show that the stem of white garlic mosses are thick and robust, with a compressive stress of about 11% higher than that of red garlic mosses, and the tensile force of about 9.5% higher than that of red garlic mosses; the difference in the mechanical properties of the two varieties is attributed to the different microstructures. Secondly, a virtual simulation model of the garlic moss harvester is established, and kinematic analysis is conducted on the bolting process; then the relationship between the machine's forward speed and the drum speed should be satisfied when the bolt breakage rate is minimized is obtained. On this basis, the installation position of the robotic arm is designed. Finally, the simulation analysis on the clamping process of garlic mosses is conducted, and it is found that the gap between the two clamping wheels is 33.3mm when garlic mosses are clamped and broken. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the design of garlic moss harvesters.