Abstract: With the frequency of high-speed railway train operation increases, the problem of railway wheel-rail noise has become increasingly prominent, and the radiated noise of wheels is the primary noise source in wheel-rail noise. In this article, the wheels of high-speed railway trains are taken as the object, a characteristics analysis of the vibration and noise characteristics is conducted based on the theory of structural dynamics and structural acoustic radiation. It is found through the study that the structural modes of the wheel can be broadly divided into axial modes of 0 nodal circles and axial modes of 1 nodal circle, radial modes and circumferential modes, etc. The radial mode has more significant impact on the sound radiation of wheels; and the spokes are the main vibration and noise-producing location of the wheel, and their sound radiation is greatly affected. The research results are of great significance in understanding the wheel-rail noise mechanism in high-speed trains.