Abstract: In order to slow down the wear of the drive sprocket and improve the efficiency of the scraper conveyor, in this article, taking the SGB420/17 scraper conveyor used in mining as an example, the SolidWorks and Ansys software is used to establish a finite element model of the meshing between the driving sprocket and the circular ring chain. The results show that the stress concentration at the chain socket of the sprocket is significant, with the maximum stress reaching 244MPa, exceeding the yield limit of the material. The sprocket is prone to fatigue damage during operation. To this end, structural dimension optimization is carried out for the sprocket chain socket, and the maximum stress value of the optimized sprocket is reduced to 219.5MPa, below the material yield strength. The relief of stress concentration can significantly extend the service life of the drive sprocket. Engineering practice has shown that the optimized drive sprocket operates well, ensuring the safety and stability of equipment operation to a certain extent.