Abstract: In order to solve the problem of deformation and damage of the transmission drum during the operation of the belt conveyor, the mechanical model of the DTL120 belt conveyor transmission drum was established by using SolidWorks and Ansys software, and finite element analysis was carried out. The results showed that stress concentration occurred in key components of the transmission drum, which would pose a threat to the reliability of equipment operation. By optimizing the structural dimensions of the transmission drum components, the problems of stress concentration and local deformation have been significantly improved, which would ensure stable operation of the transmission drum.