Abstract: To further analyze the influence of welding process conditions on the laser welding quality of 6061 aluminum alloy thin plates, spectral analysis of the plasma during laser welding of 6061 aluminum alloy was conducted using an AvaSpec-2048 fiber optic spectrometer under different material surface conditions and welding parameters. The research results show that the surface state of the material, laser power and welding speed have certain effects on the types of elements corresponding to the excited characteristic spectral lines and the elemental content in the laser plasma. This study provides a foundation for further in-depth research on laser welding of thin alloy plates in the future.