回采巷道补强锚索主动式超前支护参数优化研究

Research on Parameter Optimization of Active Advance Support with Reinforced Anchor Cables for Mining Roadways

  • 摘要: 深部开采坚硬顶板工作面普遍采用单体液压支柱进行超前被动支护,该支护方案存在整体承载能力不足、一线人员作业负荷高、机械化配套程度低等突出难题。本文以新集一矿综采工作面运输巷道为工程载体,研发一套以注浆补强锚索为核心支撑的主动超前支护成套技术。依托 FLAC3D 三维数值仿真手段,针对补强锚索预紧拉力、钢绞线总长、布设排距三类核心设备参数开展多方案对比优化,得到最优配套参数:锚索总长8200 mm、横向排距2000 mm、张拉预紧力200 kN。搭配端头-全长复合锚固结构与双液注浆施工工艺,搭建一体化机械化超前支护施工工艺体系。井下工业性试验监测结果显示:巷道顶板最大沉降量270 mm,巷帮最大相对移近量230 mm,锚索实际工作最大载荷250 kN;顶板岩层离层监测中浅层基点最大离层21 mm、深部基点仅6 mm。采用注浆补强锚索主动超前支护方案,在保障围岩控制效果达标前提下,实现超前支护工序机械化升级,大幅减轻井下工人搬运、架设支护构件的劳动强度。

     

    Abstract: Single hydraulic props are widely adopted as passive advance support for working faces with hard roofs in deep mining, yet this support scheme has prominent drawbacks including insufficient overall bearing capacity, heavy labor burden for frontline workers and low level of mechanization matching. Taking the transportation roadway of fully-mechanized mining face in Xinji No.1 Coal Mine as the engineering background, this paper develops a complete set of active advance support technology centered on grouting-reinforced anchor cables. By virtue of FLAC3D three-dimensional numerical simulation, multi-scheme comparative optimization is carried out on three core equipment parameters of reinforced anchor cables, namely pre-tension force, total length of steel strand and layout row spacing. The optimal matching parameters are determined as follows: total anchor cable length of 8200 mm, transverse row spacing of 2000 mm and tension preload of 200 kN. Combined with the composite anchoring structure of end anchoring plus full-length anchoring and double-liquid grouting construction technology, an integrated mechanized construction system for advance support is established. The monitoring results of underground industrial tests indicate that the maximum roof subsidence of the roadway reaches 270 mm, the maximum relative convergence of roadway ribs is 230 mm, and the maximum actual working load of anchor cables is 250 kN. In the monitoring of roof rock separation, the maximum separation at shallow base points is 21 mm while that at deep base points is merely 6 mm. On the premise of guaranteeing qualified surrounding rock control effect, the active advance support scheme with grouting-reinforced anchor cables realizes mechanization upgrading of advance support procedures and greatly reduces the labor intensity of underground workers in transporting and erecting support components.

     

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