Abstract: The wear degree of the thread teeth greatly affects the contact state of the reverse planetary roller screw, severely reducing its service life. A wear rate model based on Hertz contact theory and Archard wear theory is proposed to evaluate this performance indicator. To address the issue of multiple performance index conflicts in the design of planetary roller screws, a parameter optimization model is constructed based on a multi-objective water cycle algorithm, with efficiency, volume, and wear rate as objective functions and load capacity as a constraint, thereby achieving the optimal matching of the design variables. Finally, the effectiveness of this optimization model is validated through finite element simulation analysis.