Abstract: In order to further analyze the influence of welding process conditions on the laser welding effect of 6061 aluminum alloy, this paper used AvaSpec-2048 fiber optic spectrometer to conduct spectral analysis of the arc of 6061 aluminum alloy laser welding under different material surface states and welding parameters. The research results indicate that the surface state of the material, laser power, and welding speed have a certain influence on the types of elements that excite characteristic spectral lines and the content of elements in the laser plasma, which can provide a basis for further in-depth research on laser welding of thin plates in the future.