Abstract: This article mainly introduces the mechanical structure and control system of the photovoltaic-powered water cleaning robot based on circulation theory. Through in-depth investigation and research on the current situation, we designed based on physical theories such as propeller circulation law, solar photovoltaic conversion, and fluid dynamics to address pain points such as large size, complex structure, and low cleaning efficiency. Through digital analog analysis and experimental testing, the robot’s garbage diversion and collection and water quality detection functions have been basically realized. At the same time, new energy is used to achieve sustainable development, which improves cleaning efficiency and improves the pollution of small water bodies.