Abstract: To address the low CO₂selectivity and high desorption energy consumption in industrial flue gas treatment, this study proposes a mechanical–control integrated system with high capture efficiency and self-powered capability. The system incorporates a gradient amine-modified MWCNT adsorption layer, a bio-inspired fractal flow channel, and thermoelectric modules to establish a hybrid photothermal/electrothermal heating scheme with multi-loop control. COMSOL-based topology optimization is performed to enhance structural and thermal performance. The results show that the proposed design significantly improves temperature-field uniformity and suppresses local overheating, while the multi-loop control enables stable tracking of temperature and CO₂concentration and supports internal energy recycling. This work provides a theoretical and simulation basis for self-powered CO₂capture systems in high-emission industrial scenarios.