Abstract: The study focuses on the porous hydraulic buffer as the research object, and a mathematical model of the buffering process is established based on the working principle of the buffer. The porous hydraulic buffer mathematical model established is solved by Python programming language, and the dynamic characteristics of the buffer are simulated. Through the calculation, the key parameters such as impact force and impact velocity during the buffering process under various working conditions are obtained, and the reasonable structure parameters of the buffer are selected based on the calculation results. By building a full-scale control rod hydraulic drive system and completing the rapid drop buffering performance experiment, the law of change of the key characteristic parameters of the buffer is analyzed based on the experimental results. The calculation results are compared with the experimental results to verify the buffering process model established. The results show that the simulated data of the porous hydraulic buffer is in good agreement with the experimental data, and the calculation model established can be used for the selection and optimization of the buffer parameters.