Abstract: In order to further improve the service life and performance of the coal mine belt conveyor rollers during use, a three-dimensional model and simulation model of the coal mine belt conveyor rollers were established to conduct fatigue life analysis and structural optimization research on the rollers. The results showed that after optimization, the stress of the rollers decreased by 41% and the deformation decreased by 58%. Through practical application verification, it was found that the minimum fatigue life increased to 6.178E7 cycles and the damage decreased to 3.078E-9, achieving the expected optimization effect. The proposed optimization method effectively improves the performance of the idler roller, solves its problem of fatigue failure, and ensures the stable operation of the belt conveyor. The overall research has important reference value.