Abstract: To further improve the service life and performance of idler rollers used in coal mine belt conveyors, this study establishes a three-dimensional model and a simulation model of the idler roller, and conducts fatigue life analysis and structural optimization research. The results show that after optimization, the stress of the idler roller is reduced by 41% and the deformation is decreased by 58%. Practical application verification indicates that when the minimum fatigue life increases to 6.178E7 cycles and the damage is reduced to 3.078E-9, the expected optimization effect can be achieved.The proposed optimization method effectively enhances the performance of the idler roller, solves the problem of fatigue failure, and ensures the stable operation of the belt conveyor. Overall, the study provides important reference value for related engineering applications.