Abstract: To enhance the precision and automation level of CNC machining, the dynamic performance of the automatic tool assembly and disassembly system is crucial. As the core component for rapid tool assembly and disassembly, the dynamic characteristics of its drive system directly affect the machining quality and operational reliability. This paper conducts an in-depth study on the dynamic characteristics of its core drive component, the lead screw transmission system. Based on SolidWorks software, an accurate geometric model of the system is established, and its dynamic simulation model is constructed through the ANSYS Workbench platform. Using modal analysis method, the first six natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes of the system are solved and extracted to clarify its inherent vibration characteristics, providing a theoretical basis for resonance avoidance in the operating frequency band. Furthermore, through harmonic response analysis, the steady-state response characteristics of the system under periodic load are studied, identifying the dynamic weak links and maximum response areas of the structure in the frequency domain. The research results show that the system exhibits significant dynamic response in specific frequency bands, necessitating structural optimization at corresponding locations. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the dynamic performance evaluation and structural optimization design of such automatic assembly and disassembly devices.