Abstract: As an effective vibration control method, particle damping technology has been widely concerned in the engineering field in recent years. In this paper, the friction energy dissipation mechanism of particle damping is deeply studied, and the friction and collision between particles and the role of elastic coating in energy dissipation are discussed. By establishing a detailed energy consumption model, the energy consumption effect of particle dampers under different conditions is analyzed, and the friction energy consumption difference of steel balls with or without elastic coating is compared. The experimental results show that the elastic coating significantly improves the energy consumption efficiency of the particle damper and enhances the vibration reduction effect of the system. The research in this paper provides theoretical basis and experimental support for the further application of particle damping technology.