Abstract: To prevent adverse impacts of metal corrosion on the normal operation of substations, this paper takes five substations in a certain area as research objects. It investigates and statistically analyzes the atmospheric corrosion of metallic materials in each substation, explores the corresponding causes, and puts forward targeted countermeasures. The research results indicate that abundant corrosive media in the atmosphere are the primary cause of atmospheric corrosion of substation metallic materials, as such media readily react chemically with metals. To mitigate corrosion problems, reasonable site selection shall be considered in substation planning. Combined with effective anti-corrosion measures for metallic materials, the service life of various metal components can be prolonged.