Abstract: With the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, secure, efficient, and economical on-board hydrogen storage technology has become foundational. However, the complex working environment of hydrogen systems poses challenges in exploring failure modes and mechanisms within vehicular hydrogen systems. Based on the current research status of methodologies for investigating failure modes and mechanisms in on-board hydrogen systems, this paper focuses on introducing the objects of failure and the primary manifestations of failure modes. It elucidates the prevailing analysis methods, including static strength analysis, modal analysis, random vibration, etc. This serves as a reference for further enhancing the design and performance of on-board hydrogen systems.