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This paper focuses on the field of mechanical processing, and systematically explores the technical status quo, existing difficulties and innovative development directions of the rapid clamping and positioning methods for vertical lathes, which are the key equipment for processing large and heavy rotating parts. Given that the clamping efficiency of vertical lathes is directly related to production efficiency and processing accuracy, on the basis of in-depth analysis of the bottlenecks of existing technologies, this paper indicatively proposes a solution: to advance the clamping, leveling and aligning procedures of vertical lathes, and replace the traditional “on-line” clamping, leveling and aligning operations performed on the machine tool with an “off-line” clamping device. The article focuses on the in-depth design of the positioning reference calibration mechanism, leveling and alignment accuracy, and docking adaptation structure with vertical lathes for the “off-line” clamping equipment. Through simulated machining tests on multiple sets of large-scale rotating parts of different specifications, it is verified that the single clamping operation time of this equipment is reduced by more than 65% compared with the traditional “on-line” method, which reflects its technical advantages.This innovative method can significantly reduce the “on-line” clamping time on the machine tool and the machine tool downtime, providing a solid theoretical basis and practical technical reference for improving the clamping efficiency of vertical lathes.