Finite Element Simulation Analysis of Welding Residual Stress and Deformation of Dissimilar Steel of Excavator Bucket

In order to explore the influence of residual stress and deformation of dissimilar steel welded joints of different welding processes, two process methods of ordinary welding and composite welding were used to carry out finite element simulation analysis. The simulation results show that the peak tensile stress near the fusion line of Q460 is 54.9 MPa, the maximum stress near the fusion line of Q235 is 38.0 MPa, and the compressive stress of the center of the weld is 174.1 MPa. In composite welding, the peak tensile stress near the Q460 fusion line is 101.7 MPa, the maximum stress near the Q235 fusion line is 50.3 MPa, the central compressive stress of the weld is 145.2 MPa, the longitudinal tensile stress in the conventional weld area is the compressive stress away from the weld, the obvious compressive stress in the composite weld weld area, the longitudinal tensile stress away from the weld, and the compressive stress on both sides in the heat-affected zone. The maximum deformation of conventional welding and composite welding is 1.61 mm and 2.01 mm, respectively. The welding process parameters were optimized, and the optimal parameter combination that minimizes residual stress was determined. The results show that the reasonable selection of buffer layer materials can optimize the residual stress distribution morphology, which provides an important reference for the research and selection of fatigue failure caused by residual stress in dissimilar steel welding processes.