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To address the issues of wheeled chassis sinking in sandy soil, lack of wind-sand protection structures, low automation level, and poor seeding uniformity in desert legume seeding operations, this paper designs a pure electric global autonomous cruise desert bean seeder. The whole machine adopts a triangular bionic crawler chassis, powered by a 76.8 V/155 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery pack. A VCU coordinates a 5 kW permanent magnet synchronous motor, electric push rods, and a DCDC/PDU integrated power distribution system to form a pure electric drive-by-wire chassis. It integrates a multi-source fusion perception system comprising BeiDou RTK-GNSS, an IP68-rated gyroscope, and millimeter-wave radar to achieve global path planning and unmanned cruising. The seeding unit employs a pneumatic precision seed metering device and an active profiling depth control mechanism, completing furrow opening, seed dropping, soil covering, and pressing in a single pass. Parameter matching is accomplished based on Bekker theory, RecurDyn and EDEM simulations. The control system follows the T/CAAMM 348—2024 standard, establishing a three-tier “perception-decision-execution” architecture and a “data-cloud-end” four-layer management framework. Through collaborative optimization of crawler travel, precision seeding, and active depth control, the design achieves a navigation lateral error target of 5 cm and a seeding depth fluctuation target of ±5 mm, providing a complete mechanical and electronic control solution for intelligent desert seeding equipment.