Research on Gaps Compensation and Transmission Precision Enhancement Technology in CNC Mechanical Equipment Feed System

Gaps such as screw and nut pair gaps, gear transmission pair gaps, and guide rail mating gaps are commonly found in the feed system of CNC mechanical equipment. These gaps are the fundamental causes of positioning errors and contour errors. A systematic experiment was conducted on a certain type of three-axis vertical machining center, and a reverse gap error segmented growth model was established to quantitatively reveal the nonlinear turning rules between gap quantities and positioning errors. The composite compensation scheme was the most effective. The reverse gap error of the axis was reduced from 42 μm to 4.8 μm, and the positioning accuracy increased by 88.2%, meeting the precision standards of precision-level CNC machining centers for all indicators.